Root-Cause Problem Solving — Quick reference checklist

Use this checklist when an issue appears or when pilot results deviate from expectations. It keeps problem-solving structured and prevents superficial fixes.

1. Define the problem clearly: What is happening, where, when, and how often? Record concrete examples or data.
2. Contain immediately: If the problem is creating risk, take short-term actions to limit harm while you investigate.
3. Use evidence-first thinking: Walk the process, observe, and collect data before assuming causes.
4. Apply a root-cause method: Choose A3, 5 Whys, or Fishbone. Map causes and test assumptions rather than assigning blame.
5. Develop countermeasures: List candidates, pick the smallest effective change, and plan a test (pilot).
6. Define verification: How will you know the countermeasure worked? Specify metric, data source, and observation window.
7. Implement and measure: Run the test, collect data, and compare to baseline using the agreed acceptance criteria.
8. Standardize or iterate: If successful, document the new standard and verify adoption. If not, return to root-cause analysis with new evidence.
9. Capture learning: Record what was tried, what worked, what didn’t, and any unintended consequences.

Common mistakes to avoid

• Stopping at the first plausible cause without testing.
• Choosing large, irreversible countermeasures before small tests.
• Skipping verification or relying only on anecdotes instead of data.